Por João de Jesus Oliveira
O desabamento parcial do teto da Igreja de São Francisco de Assis, uma das mais valiosas jóias arquitetônicas de Salvador, trouxe à tona a vulnerabilidade do patrimônio histórico no Brasil. O incidente, ocorrido em 5 de fevereiro de 2025, resultou na morte da turista paulista Giulia Panchoni Righetto, de 26 anos, além de deixar cinco feridos. Agora, peritos e autoridades buscam respostas para entender os fatores que levaram ao acidente e se ele poderia ter sido evitado.
Falhas Estruturais e a Falta de Intervenção
A Igreja de São Francisco de Assis é um símbolo da arquitetura barroca, com interiores ricamente decorados e uma estrutura que data dos séculos XVII e XVIII. Nos últimos anos, sinais de desgaste haviam sido notados, incluindo rachaduras e infiltrações. O responsável pela igreja, Pedro Júnior Freitas da Silva, alertou o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) sobre os riscos iminentes, solicitando uma inspeção urgente. Entretanto, a vistoria não foi realizada antes da tragédia.
Na tarde do ocorrido, o templo estava aberto à visitação quando parte do teto cedeu repentinamente. Giulia Righetto foi atingida por escombros e não resistiu aos ferimentos. Os outros feridos foram encaminhados para hospitais da região. A tragédia gerou grande comoção e pressões para que as autoridades ofereçam respostas rápidas.
Investigação e Busca por Responsáveis
A Polícia Federal abriu um inquérito para apurar as causas do acidente e determinar responsabilidades. Enquanto o Iphan sustenta que a manutenção do templo era de responsabilidade da Ordem Primeira de São Francisco, a administração da igreja afirma que aguardava recursos para realizar reparos emergenciais.
Especialistas avaliam agora se houve negligência por parte da gestão da igreja ou das autoridades responsáveis pela preservação do patrimônio. O impacto da umidade, do tempo e da ausência de medidas preventivas estão sendo analisados para verificar se o colapso poderia ter sido evitado.
O Abandono do Patrimônio Histórico no Brasil
O caso da Igreja de São Francisco de Assis reflete uma questão sistêmica no país: a falta de investimentos na preservação de edifícios históricos. Muitas construções tombadas enfrentam degradação progressiva por falta de manutenção adequada e de incentivos financeiros. Apesar da riqueza cultural e arquitetônica do Brasil, o descaso por parte do poder público e a burocracia dificultam a realização de projetos de restauração.
A tragédia também acende um alerta para outras edificações em risco. No Rio de Janeiro, a Igreja Primeiro de Março, no centro da cidade, apresenta fissuras estruturais e enfrenta riscos semelhantes. A ausência de fiscalização e a demora na execução de obras aumentam a ameaça tanto ao patrimônio cultural quanto à segurança de fiéis e visitantes.
Medidas Essenciais para a Preservação
Diante desse cenário, medidas urgentes precisam ser adotadas para evitar que novas tragédias ocorram. Inspeções regulares devem ser realizadas em monumentos tombados, garantindo vistorias frequentes para identificar e corrigir problemas estruturais antes que se agravem. Além disso, é essencial reduzir a burocracia para a liberação de recursos, assegurando que as verbas destinadas à conservação do patrimônio histórico sejam acessadas com rapidez e utilizadas para a realização de reparos emergenciais. O engajamento do poder público também é fundamental, com a necessidade de um suporte técnico e financeiro contínuo para garantir a manutenção adequada dessas edificações. Por fim, a conscientização da sociedade desempenha um papel essencial, pois a população deve estar envolvida na cobrança por ações efetivas de preservação e fiscalização dos órgãos responsáveis, assegurando que a história e a cultura nacional sejam protegidas de forma eficiente e duradoura.
Responsabilidade Legal e Possíveis Consequências
De acordo com o advogado Dr. João Valença, do VLV Advogados, o episódio pode ser enquadrado como omissão das autoridades competentes. “O artigo 216 da Constituição Federal determina que a proteção do patrimônio cultural deve ser garantida pelo Estado e pela sociedade. Se for comprovada negligência na fiscalização ou demora injustificada na resposta a alertas prévios, os responsáveis podem ser processados civilmente e obrigados a reparar os danos causados”, destaca. As indenizações às vítimas e suas famílias podem ser exigidas, além da implementação de medidas preventivas para evitar novas tragédias.
Conclusão
O desabamento da Igreja de São Francisco de Assis não foi um evento isolado, mas um reflexo da falta de investimentos e planejamento na preservação do patrimônio histórico no Brasil. A perda de vidas humanas e os danos ao monumento poderiam ter sido evitados com ações adequadas. Agora, resta acompanhar as investigações e esperar que este caso sirva de alerta para que medidas concretas sejam tomadas, garantindo que outras construções históricas não enfrentam o mesmo destino. Proteger a história do país não é apenas uma questão de cultura, mas também de segurança pública.
*Sobre o autor: João de Jesus, radialista e assessor de imprensa, além de jornalista, recém graduado pela Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. INSTAGRAM: @portaljesusmaccomunicao – https://www.instagram.com/portaljesusmaccomunicacao/
Fontes: Com informações de publicações em diversos sites, como https://vlvadvogados.com/ e https://www.jesusmacomunicacao.com.br/
Foto: Maiara Cerqueira/ MinC
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