Medida não legaliza porte; consequências passam a ser administrativas
Por André Richter – Agência Brasil – Brasília
Após nove anos de sucessivas interrupções, por 6 votos a 3, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) finalizou nesta quarta-feira (26) o julgamento que descriminalizou o porte de maconha para uso pessoal e fixou a quantia de 40 gramas para diferenciar usuários de traficantes.
Com a decisão, não comete infração penal quem adquirir, guardar, tiver em depósito, transportar ou trouxer consigo até 40 gramas de maconha para consumo pessoal. A decisão deverá ser aplicada em todo o país após a publicação da ata do julgamento, que deve ocorrer nos próximos dias.
A decisão do Supremo não legaliza o porte de maconha. O porte para uso pessoal continua como comportamento ilícito, ou seja, permanece proibido fumar a droga em local público, mas as consequências passam a ter natureza administrativa e não criminal.
O Supremo julgou a constitucionalidade do Artigo 28 da Lei de Drogas (Lei 11.343/2006). Para diferenciar usuários e traficantes, a norma prevê penas alternativas de prestação de serviços à comunidade, advertência sobre os efeitos das drogas e comparecimento obrigatório a curso educativo.
A lei deixou de prever a pena de prisão, mas manteve a criminalização. Dessa forma, antes da decisão da Corte, usuários de drogas eram alvos de inquérito policial e processos judiciais que buscavam a condenação para o cumprimento dessas penas alternativas.
Principais pontos de decisão
Punição administrativa
A Corte manteve a validade da Lei de Drogas, mas entendeu que as consequências são administrativas, deixando de valer a possibilidade de cumprimento de prestação de serviços comunitários.
A advertência e presença obrigatória em curso educativo seguem mantidas e deverão ser aplicadas pela Justiça em procedimentos administrativos, sem repercussão penal.
O registro de antecedentes criminais também não poderá ser avaliado contra os usuários.
Usuário x Traficante
A Corte fixou que deve ser de 40 gramas ou seis plantas fêmeas de cannabis a quantidade de maconha para caracterizar porte para uso pessoal e diferenciar usuários e traficantes.
O cálculo foi feito com base nos votos dos ministros que fixaram a quantia entre 25 e 60 gramas nos votos favoráveis à descriminalização. A partir de uma média entre as sugestões, a quantidade de 40 gramas foi fixada.
A decisão também permite a prisão por tráfico de drogas nos casos de quantidade de maconha inferiores a 40 gramas. Nesses casos, deverão ser considerados pelos delegados indícios de comercialização, apreensão de balança para pesar o entorpecente e registros de vendas e de contatos entre traficantes.
Delegacia
A decisão não impede abordagens policiais, e a apreensão da droga poderá ser feita pelos agentes.
Os usuários poderão ser levados para uma delegacia quando forem abordados pela polícia portando maconha. Caberá ao delegado pesar a droga, verificar se a situação realmente pode ser configurada como porte para uso pessoal. Em seguida, o usuário será notificado a comparecer à Justiça.
Contudo, não pode ocorrer prisão em flagrante no caso de usuário.
Revisão
Após o julgamento, o presidente do STF, Luís Roberto Barroso, disse que a decisão pode retroagir para atingir pessoas condenadas pela Justiça.
Segundo ele, a decisão pode beneficiar pessoas exclusivamente condenadas por porte de até 40 gramas de maconha, sem ligações com o tráfico. A revisão da pena não é automática e só poderia ocorrer por meio de um recurso apresentado à Justiça.
“A regra básica em matéria de Direito Penal é que a lei não retroage se ela agravar a situação de quem é acusado ou esteja preso. Para beneficiar, é possível”, afirmou.
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