Inteligência artificial é vetor “inevitável” de mudança nas escolas, diz Especialista

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Professor Luciano Meira aponta IA como “cisne vermelho” da Educação durante o evento Conecta – Escola do Futuro, promovido pelo Senai; para ele, docentes devem atuar como curadores de conhecimento e relacionamentos afetivos como centro do processo de aprendizagem

POR DÉBORAH SOUZA – AGÊNCIA BRASIL 61 (agenciadoradio@agenciadoradio.com.br)

As tendências e desafios educacionais para os próximos anos foram tema da palestra do Professor de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e Doutor em Educação Matemática, Luciano Meira. Ele destacou a Inteligência Artificial (IA) como um dos grandes vetores de transformação da Educação no encerramento do Conecta – Escola do Futuro, promovido pelo Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (Senai), na última quinta-feira (17), em Brasília. 

Para o Especialista, a IA é um “cisne vermelho”, expressão usada para descrever fenômenos com impacto “profundo e inevitável” nas estruturas sociais, como a pandemia de Covid-19 ou o próprio surgimento da internet.

O professor apresentou os principais desafios de uma IA para a educação que considera complexos: 

  • Formação docente contínua e estratégias de relacionamento; 
  • Gestão da implementação; 
  • Foco na aprendizagem com qualidade e escala; 
  • Currículos adaptativos; 
  • Experimentação, pesquisa e compartilhamento de práticas; 
  • Desafios éticos e sociais; 
  • Engajamento dos estudantes; e 
  • Metodologia Game Based Learning (GBL) para avaliação, que é o aprendizado baseado em jogos.  

Para Meira, só haverá qualquer transformação na Escola que centrar a Educação na construção de relacionamentos afetivos e intelectuais entre estudantes e professores. “Para que isso aconteça e a IA, de fato, se torne um ambiente de plataforma transformacional, a gente vai precisar rever toda a formação inicial e contínua dessa força docente, colocando professores e professoras numa posição de curadoria. Então, formação docente contínua e estratégias de relacionamento é a força prioritária de transformação digital, apoiada por um novo ambiente orquestrado a partir de IA generativa”, avaliou.

O professor mostrou também como a IA generativa pode prejudicar a aprendizagem. Ele mencionou um estudo realizado na Turquia com cerca de mil estudantes, divididos em três grupos, semelhantes do ponto de vista de demografia e experiência. Um dos grupos usou um chat GPT tutor, ou seja, treinado com práticas que os estudantes deveriam aprender. Outro grupo usou um chat GPT chamado de puro, ou seja, o da internet. E o terceiro grupo usou apenas livro didático. Segundo Meira, nenhum dos três grupos usava esses apoios para resolver o exame. Durante a performance, comparativamente, os estudantes que usaram o chat GPT tutor apresentaram performance 127% maior do que o grupo controle do livro didático e o grupo com o chat GPT puro, 48% maior.

Ele explicou que, no estudo, chamaram de performance o uso do instrumento e de aprendizagem, o resultado da prova, discordando com as definições. “Conhecimento é uma ‘co-construção’. Não é sequer uma construção, como queriam alguns psicólogos do desenvolvimento. Então, o foco é no desenvolvimento de competências e na produção de sentido. Portanto, a ênfase é no significado, não na lista. A gente tem que ter uma observação sobre como a gente engaja as pessoas, observando seu prazer e o propósito dessa experiência. E, finalmente, construir alguma forma de interação onde a gente promova autonomia, diálogo e a emergência de comunidades de aprendizagem”, analisou.

Conecta – Escola do Futuro

Com transmissão ao vivo pelo YouTube, o evento reuniu educadores, gestores, startups e representantes da indústria para discutir os caminhos da inovação na educação básica e profissional. O encontro celebrou mais um ano de atuação do Instituto Sesi Senai de Tecnologias Educacionais e ampliou a visão sobre o papel das Escolas na formação de jovens para um mundo em constante transformação. 

Entre os temas debatidos, estiveram:

  • O uso ético e pedagógico da IA generativa;
  • A formação docente continuada para lidar com novos recursos digitais;
  • A necessidade de currículos mais flexíveis, com foco em competências e não apenas em conteúdo;
  • A integração entre Educação e Indústria, preparando os estudantes para os desafios da Indústria 4.0.

O Conecta faz parte da estratégia do Senai de aproximar a educação profissional das demandas do mercado de trabalho, por meio da inovação, da tecnologia e do diálogo com diferentes atores sociais.

Para a Coordenadora do Instituto Sesi Senaide Tecnologias Educacionais, Juliana Gavini, o evento foi um espaço de construção coletiva e colaborativa sobre o futuro da Educação. “O Conecta – Escola do Futuro foi um momento que reforça e ressalta uma das palavras que a gente mais acredita dentro do Instituto, que é a colaboração. Foi um ambiente de construção, discussão de conceitos e avaliação, na perspectiva de vários pilares diferentes, como se dá, como se constrói, a Escola do futuro”, afirmou. 

Juliana Gavini explicou que o Instituto trabalha com uma visão integrada e em estágios de amadurecimento das estratégias para essa Escola em transformação, sob sete pilares: a Educação Presencial, a Educação Digital, o Educador do Futuro, o Aluno do Futuro, a Infraestrutura da Escola do Futuro, o Gestor da Educação do Futuro, o Líder da Educação do Futuro e os Processos de Gestão para a Escola do Futuro. 

Foto:  Bruno Peres/Agência Brasil

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