Lei obriga lojistas a manter limpeza do ar-condicionado em dia, sob risco de multa

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Desde 2018, norma federal exige que lojas, escritórios e clínicas adotem plano técnico de manutenção dos climatizadores — o chamado PMOC; entenda

POR ALESSIO VENTURELLI – ASCOM/GRUPO BURSON – MÁQUINA CW (alessio.venturelli=maquinacohnwolfe.com@imxsnd73.com) 

Pouca gente sabe, mas o ar-condicionado presente em lojas, clínicas, escritórios e até escolas pode colocar a saúde em risco quando não recebe a manutenção adequada. Para prevenir problemas e garantir a qualidade do ar em ambientes de uso coletivo, uma lei federal em vigor desde 2018 determina que esses espaços sigam regras rigorosas de manutenção por meio de um plano técnico conhecido como PMOC — sigla para Plano de Manutenção, Operação e Controle. A norma busca proteger milhões de brasileiros que passam boa parte do dia em locais climatizados.

A regra, válida em todo o território nacional, impacta diretamente os responsáveis por edifícios com sistemas de climatização artificial, como lojistas, síndicos, administradores, donos de clínicas e escolas, entre outros. A obrigatoriedade está prevista na Lei nº 13.589/2018, e descumpri-la pode gerar multas, interdições e até responsabilização por danos à saúde de ocupantes e frequentadores.

Segundo Romenig Bastos Magalhães, especialista em Engenharia Elétrica e instrutor de treinamento P&D da Gree Electric Appliances — maior fabricante de ar-condicionado do mundo —, o PMOC não é apenas uma exigência burocrática, mas uma prática essencial para garantir segurança sanitária e bom desempenho dos equipamentos.

“O PMOC é um plano técnico obrigatório por lei que garante que os aparelhos de climatização estejam operando corretamente e que o ar que circula nos ambientes seja seguro. Quando esse controle é ignorado, o sistema pode se tornar um vetor de contaminação, além de consumir mais energia e apresentar falhas”, explica o especialista.

Capacidade mínima e fiscalização

A lei determina que o PMOC seja adotado por sistemas de ar-condicionado com capacidade igual ou superior a 60.000 BTU/h. No entanto, mesmo em ambientes com carga térmica menor, estabelecimentos podem ser alvo de fiscalização por órgãos como a Vigilância Sanitária, o CREA (Conselho Regional de Engenharia) ou o Ministério do Trabalho.

“Mesmo que o estabelecimento tenha dois ou três aparelhos split convencionais, é preciso somar a capacidade total instalada. Muitos pensam que estão fora da lei por usarem modelos menores, mas, somados, esses equipamentos ultrapassam facilmente o limite de 60.000 BTU/h”, observa Romenig.

O que é o PMOC na prática?

O PMOC é elaborado por profissional habilitado — geralmente um engenheiro mecânico com registro no CREA ou técnico com registro no CFT — e reúne um conjunto de diretrizes técnicas e operacionais para o bom funcionamento do sistema de climatização. Ele deve estar disponível no local e ser apresentado à fiscalização sempre que solicitado. Entre os principais itens que o plano deve conter, estão:

  • Cronograma de manutenção dos equipamentos;
  • Limpeza periódica de filtros, serpentinas e bandejas;
  • Avaliação da temperatura, umidade e qualidade do ar;
  • Identificação do responsável técnico;
  • Registro de todas as intervenções realizadas.

“O lojista ou gestor do espaço não precisa entender de engenharia térmica, mas tem a obrigação de contratar quem entende. O PMOC é um documento vivo, que deve ser atualizado conforme as intervenções acontecem”, reforça o especialista da Gree.

Prevenção, economia e imagem

Além dos aspectos legais e sanitários, a manutenção adequada dos sistemas de ar-condicionado pode representar economia de energia, maior durabilidade dos aparelhos e até um diferencial competitivo em tempos de maior atenção à saúde coletiva.

“Hoje, o cliente valoriza empresas que demonstram cuidado com o bem-estar. Estar em dia com o PMOC mostra compromisso com a saúde pública e evita dores de cabeça legais e financeiras”, finaliza Romenig.

[Serviço]

O que é preciso para estar em dia com o PMOC?

  • Levantar a capacidade total dos aparelhos instalados no ambiente;
  • Caso ultrapasse 60.000 BTU/h, contratar profissional habilitado para elaborar o PMOC;
  • Realizar manutenções e limpezas regulares, com registros documentais;
  • Manter o plano disponível no local, para apresentação à fiscalização.

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